Haemorrhoids Piles. Expert reviewer, Mrs Sara Badvie , Consultant Laparoscopic, Colorectal and General Surgeon Next review due November Haemorrhoids piles are enlarged blood vessels that you can get inside or around your anus the opening of your bottom.
About piles Your anus is lined with spongy tissue supplied with blood vessels — the anal cushions — and they help your anus to close. Types of piles Internal piles start inside your anal canal, but they might hang down and come out your anus. Second degree piles come out of your anus when you have a poo, but go back inside on their own afterwards. Third degree piles come out of your anus and only go back inside if you physically push them back in. They can become very swollen and painful if the blood inside them clots.
Need a GP appointment? Telephone or Video GP service. Causes of piles Piles develop when the veins in your anal canal become swollen, which may happen for a number of reasons, such as: if you strain when you go to the toilet, for example if you have constipation or long-lasting diarrhoea getting older — your anal canal weakens with age, which makes piles more likely having a persistent cough lifting heavy objects Piles are also common during pregnancy.
Diagnosis of piles Your GP will ask about your symptoms and examine you. Self-help for piles If you make a few changes to your diet and lifestyle it can help with the symptoms of piles. Eat a high-fibre diet to help make your poo softer and easier to pass. This will help to reduce the pressure on the veins in your anus caused by straining when you have a poo. Keep active and exercise each day. There might be some activities that you may find difficult if you have external piles, such as cycling.
You might find it helpful to use a cushioned seat pad if this is the case. Or, you may want to switch to something else for a while until your symptoms get better. Try not to strain when you go to the toilet. Afterwards, gently clean around your anus with water and pat the area dry. Over-the-counter painkillers , such as paracetamol, may help to ease any pain from piles. Soothing creams, ointments and suppositories may ease any pain and itchiness from piles.
There are lots of different products available over the counter. Some contain a local anaesthetic such as lidocaine. Only use these for a few days as they may affect the sensitivity of your skin — ask your pharmacist for more information. Products that contain corticosteroids , such as Anusol HC and Proctosedyl, may reduce swelling and pain. Most are available over the counter and others on prescription.
In this procedure, your doctor will put a small elastic band around the pile, which will reduce the blood supply. The pile will die and fall off after about a week or two and the area left behind will heal naturally. Your doctor will inject an oily solution into your piles, which will make them shrivel up. Infra-red coagulation. Your doctor will apply an infrared light to certain areas of the piles, which will cut the blood supply to your piles and make them shrink.
Bipolar diathermy and direct current electrotherapy treatment. In this procedure, your doctor will use an electrical current to destroy the pile. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy — in this operation, your surgeon will attach the area of tissue with piles higher up your anal canal and staple it in place. Treatment in patients with a history of AIDS -related complications may require lower doses of anticancer drugs and radiation therapy than doses used for patients who do not have HIV.
Treatment of recurrent anal cancer may include the following:. For more information from the National Cancer Institute about anal cancer , see the following:. For general cancer information and other resources from the National Cancer Institute, see the following:. Read disclaimer about translations Please note that some translations using Google Translate may not be accurately represented and downloaded documents cannot be translated. Dana-Farber assumes no liability for inaccuracies that may result from using this third-party tool, which is for website translation and not clinical interactions.
You may request a live medical interpreter for a discussion about your care. Anal Cancer. Share Print Email. About Anal Cancer Anal cancer is a type of cancer that forms in tissues of the anus. The following information is from the National Cancer Institute. Key Points Anal cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues of the anus.
Most anal cancers are related to human papillomavirus HPV infection. Signs of anal cancer include bleeding from the anus or rectum or a lump near the anus. Tests that examine the rectum and anus are used to diagnose anal cancer. Certain factors affect the prognosis chance of recovery and treatment options. Being infected with human papillomavirus HPV. Having a condition or disease that causes a weakened immune system , such as human immunodeficiency virus HIV or an organ transplant.
Having a personal history of vulvar , vaginal , or cervical cancers. Having many sexual partners. Having receptive anal intercourse anal sex. Smoking cigarettes. Bleeding from the anus or rectum. A lump near the anus. Pain or pressure in the area around the anus. Itching or discharge from the anus. A change in bowel habits.
Physical exam and health history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual.
Digital rectal examination DRE : An exam of the anus and rectum. The doctor or nurse inserts a lubricated , gloved finger into the lower part of the rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.
Enlarge Digital rectal exam DRE. The doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum and feels the rectum, anus, and prostate in males to check for anything abnormal. Anoscopy : An exam of the anus and lower rectum using a short, lighted tube called an anoscope.
Proctoscopy : A procedure to look inside the rectum and anus to check for abnormal areas, using a proctoscope. A proctoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing the inside of the rectum and anus.
It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer. Endo-anal or endorectal ultrasound : A procedure in which an ultrasound transducer probe is inserted into the anus or rectum and used to bounce high-energy sound waves ultrasound off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram.
Biopsy : The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer. If an abnormal area is seen during the anoscopy, a biopsy may be done at that time. The size of the tumor. Whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. The stage of the cancer. Where the tumor is in the anus. Whether the patient has human immunodeficiency virus HIV.
Whether cancer remains after initial treatment or has recurred. Key Points After anal cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the anus or to other parts of the body.
There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body. CT scan CAT scan : A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the abdomen , pelvis , or chest, taken from different angles.
Treatment does not always prevent piles coming back. You'll be awake for this type of treatment, but the area will be numbed. If these treatments do not work, you may need surgery to remove your piles. You'll usually need to be asleep for this type of treatment and may need to stay in hospital for more than 1 day. Page last reviewed: 22 May Next review due: 22 May Symptoms include pain and a wet, sometimes bloody discharge.
Anusitis is commonly caused by:. External hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the mucosal lining of the anus. They may result from:. An anal fissure is a tear in the lining of the anal canal. When a gland in the anus becomes clogged and then infected, it can produce an anal abscess. This is technically defined as a collection of pus around inflamed tissue. It can produce:. According to Harvard Health, more than half of anal abscesses occur in people between ages 20 to Men are also more commonly affected than women.
The gland becomes infected when bacteria, fecal matter, or foreign material invades through tiny cracks. Certain conditions, such as colitis , can increase your risk. This is a tunnel that forms inside the anus and exits through the skin on the buttocks. According to Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, half of those who have had an anal abscess will develop a fistula.
Symptoms include:. Most of the time it affects the small intestine, but it can affect the entire digestive tract, including the anus. Symptoms include anal fissures and fistulas.
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